Establishing a Public Limited Liability Company (AB) in Lithuania involves a series of detailed steps and compliance requirements. An AB is suited for larger businesses that may seek public investment and can be listed on the stock exchange. Here’s a comprehensive guide to the process:
1. Understanding Public Limited Liability Company (AB)
Description:
- AB is a business structure designed for larger enterprises and can be publicly traded.
- Share Capital Requirement: Minimum share capital of €40,000.
- Liability: Shareholders’ liability is limited to their investment in the company.
2. Pre-Registration Requirements
Business Name:
- Choose a Name: Ensure the company name is unique and available. Verify and reserve the name through the State Enterprise Centre of Registers.
Legal Address:
- Address Requirement: The AB must have a registered legal address in Lithuania. This can be a physical office or a virtual office service.
3. Drafting and Notarizing Documents
Company Statutes:
- Prepare Statutes: Draft the company’s statutes (articles of association) detailing the company’s governance, shareholder rights, and operational rules.
- Notarization: The statutes must be notarized by a Lithuanian notary.
Shareholders and Directors:
- Appoint Shareholders and Directors: An AB requires at least two shareholders and one director. Shareholders can be individuals or legal entities.
Supervisory Board:
- Establish a Supervisory Board: An AB must have a supervisory board, which oversees the management board. The board must have at least three members.
4. Company Registration
State Enterprise Centre of Registers:
- Submit Documents: Register the AB with the State Enterprise Centre of Registers. Required documents include:
- Completed registration form
- Statutes of the company (notarized)
- Proof of address
- Proof of identity of the founders
- Bank confirmation of the deposited share capital (minimum €40,000)
Registration Process:
- Application Submission: Submit the application either online via the Centre’s portal or in person. Online registration is generally quicker.
5. Tax Registration
State Tax Inspectorate:
- Register for Taxes: After registration, the AB must register with the State Tax Inspectorate. This includes:
- VAT Registration: Required if the company’s taxable turnover exceeds the VAT threshold or if the company wishes to reclaim VAT.
- Corporate Income Tax: Register for corporate income tax purposes.
6. Opening a Bank Account
Business Bank Account:
- Open an Account: Open a business bank account in Lithuania. This account will be used for financial transactions and for depositing the minimum share capital of €40,000.
7. Compliance and Reporting
Accounting:
- Set Up Accounting: Implement an accounting system that complies with Lithuanian accounting standards. Consider hiring a local accountant or accounting firm.
Annual Reports:
- Prepare and File: The AB must prepare and file annual financial reports with the State Enterprise Centre of Registers and submit tax returns to the State Tax Inspectorate.
Disclosure Requirements:
- Public Disclosure: As a public company, an AB must comply with public disclosure requirements, including financial reporting and periodic updates to shareholders and regulatory authorities.
Corporate Governance:
- Comply with Regulations: Follow regulations related to corporate governance, including the responsibilities of the management and supervisory boards.
8. Licenses and Permits
Industry-Specific Licenses:
- Obtain Necessary Licenses: Depending on the nature of the business, specific licenses or permits may be required. Check with local authorities or industry regulations.
9. Legal and Advisory Services
Consult Professionals:
- Legal and Financial Advisors: Engage local legal and financial advisors to ensure compliance with all regulations and to assist with the establishment process.
10. Post-Establishment
Operational Setup:
- Begin Operations: Once all registration and compliance requirements are completed, you can commence business operations.
Ongoing Compliance:
- Monitor Regulations: Regularly review and adhere to legal, accounting, and regulatory requirements to ensure smooth business operations.
Public Listing (if applicable):
- Stock Exchange Listing: If planning to list the AB on the stock exchange, follow additional regulations and requirements set by the stock exchange and securities regulators.
Establishing an AB in Lithuania involves a comprehensive process but provides significant benefits for larger businesses, including access to public capital markets and a robust legal framework for corporate governance